ÿØÿà JFIF 

  
 
  ÿÛ „ 	 ( %"1!%)+...383,7(-.+




-+++--++++---+-+-----+---------------+---+-++7-----ÿÀ  ß â
" 

ÿÄ   

           
 ÿÄ H 
     
 !1AQaq"‘¡2B±ÁÑð#R“Ò Tbr‚²á3csƒ’ÂñDS¢³$CÿÄ 
 


            
ÿÄ %

 
       
!1AQa"23‘ÿÚ 
  ? ôÿ ¨pŸªáÿ —åYõõ\?àÒü©ŠÄï¨pŸªáÿ —åYõõ\?àÓü©ŠÄá 0Ÿªáÿ Ÿå[úƒ	ú®ði~TÁb
qÐ8OÕpÿ ƒOò¤Oè`–RÂáœá™êi€ßÉ< FtŸI“öÌ8úDf´°å}“¾œ6
öFá°y¥jñÇh†ˆ¢ã/ÃÐ:ªcÈ
"Y¡ðÑl>ÿ ”ÏËte:qž\oäŠe÷󲍷˜HT4&ÿ ÓÐü6ö®¿øþßèô	Ÿ•7Ñi’•j|“ñì>b…þS?*Óôÿ ÓÐü*h¥£ír¶ü UãSç‚Ÿ[AÐaè[ûª•õ&õj?†Éö+EzP—WeÒírJFt	‘BŒ†Ï‡%#tE Øz ¥OÛ«!1›üä±Í™%º<!vB™'èÔ6´Ña¿«e`Àà0U[-ÂБ4)M÷YK*³hï÷%ÎÎkÇ«m‘-íWŽLsã?nÂ~«†üö®þ¡ÂlÃaÿ ‰ÿ l©°Õ¥ åÜá¿r ºL[Çâ°(Çè'Vãôl8´ÏRÀvLvPõ:…ÙNçF™÷ë>Íãö]°î(–:@<‹ŒÊö×òÆt¦ãº+‡¦%ÌÁ²h´OƒJŒtMÜ>ÀÜÊw3
Y´•牋4ǍýʏTì>œú=Íwhyë,¾Ôò×õ¿ßÊa»«þˆѪQ|%6ž™A	õ%:øj<>É—ÿ Å_ˆCbõ¥š±ý¯Ýƒï…¶|RëócÍf溪“t.СøTÿ *Ä¿-{†çàczůŽ_–^XþŒ±miB[X±d 1,é”zEù»&
î9gœf™9Ð'.;—™i}!ôšåîqêÛ٤ёý£½ÆA–àôe"A$˝Úsäÿ 
÷Û	#°xŸëí(l
	 »ý3—¥5m!
rt`†0~'j2(]S¦¦kv,ÚÇl¦øJA£Šƒ
J3E8ÙiŽ:cÉžúeZ°€¯\®kÖ(79«Ž:¯X”¾³Š&¡* ….‰Ž(ÜíŸ2¥ª‡×Hi²TF¤ò[¨íÈRëÉ䢍mgÑ.Ÿ<öäS0í„ǹÁU´f#Vß;Õ–…P@3ío<ä-±»Ž.L|kªÀê›fÂ6@»eu‚|ÓaÞÆŸ…¨ááå>åŠ?cKü6ùTÍÆ”†sĤÚ;H2RÚ†õ\Ö·Ÿn'¾ ñ#ºI¤Å´%çÁ­‚â7›‹qT3Iï¨Ö
Ú5I7Ë!ÅOóŸ¶øÝñØôת¦$Tcö‘[«Ö³šÒ';Aþ ¸èíg
A2Z
"i¸vdÄ÷.iõ®§)¿]¤À†–‡É&ä{V¶iŽ”.Ó×Õÿ û?h¬Mt–íª[ÿ Ñÿ ÌV(í}=ibÔ¡›¥¢±b
 Lô¥‡piη_Z<‡z§èŒ)iÖwiÇ 2hÙ3·=’d÷8éŽ1¦¸c¤µ€7›7Ø	ð\á)}	¹fËí›pAÃL%âc2 í§æQz¿;T8sæ°qø)QFMð‰XŒÂ±
N¢aF¨…8¯!U		Z©RÊ ÖPVÄÀÍin™Ì-GˆªÅËŠ›•zË}º±ŽÍFò¹}Uw×#ä5B¤{î}Ð<ÙD
é©¤&‡ïDbàÁôMÁ."
¤‡ú*õ'VŽ|¼´Úgllº¼klz[Æüï÷Aób‡Eÿ dÑ»Xx9ÃÜ£ÁT/`¼¸vI±Ýµ·Ë‚“G³þ*Ÿû´r|*}<¨îºœ @¦mÄ’M¹”.œ«Y–|6ÏU¤jç¥ÕÞqO
˜kDÆÁ¨5ÿ š;Њ¦¦€GÙk \
	–Þ=â¼=SͧµªS°ÚÍpÜãQűÀõ¬?ÃÁ1Ñ•õZà?hóœ€
L¦l{Y*K˜Ù›zc˜–ˆâø+¾	­-Ök¥%ùEÜA'}ˆ><ÊIè“bpÍ/qÞâvoX€w,\úªò6Z[XdÒæ­@Ö—€$òJí#é>'°Ú
ôª˜<)4ryÙ£|óAÅn5žêŸyÒäMÝ2{"}‰–¤l÷ûWX\l¾Á¸góÉOÔ /óñB¤f¸çñ[.P˜ZsÊË*ßT܈§QN¢’¡¨§V¼(Üù*eÕ“”5T¨‹Âê¥FŒã½Dü[8'Ò¥a…Ú¶k7a
*•›¼'Ò·\8¨ª\@\õ¢¦íq+DÙrmÎ…_ªæ»ŠÓœ¡¯’Ré9MÅ×D™lælffc+ŒÑ,ý™ÿ ¯þǤ=Å’Á7µ÷ÚÛ/“Ü
€ñýã¼àí¾ÕÑ+ƒ,uµMâÀÄbm:ÒÎPæ{˜Gz[ƒ¯«® KHà`ßØŠéí¯P8Aq.C‰ à€kòpj´kN¶qô€…Õ,ÜNŠª-­{Zö’æû44‰sŽè‰îVíRœÕm"
6?³D9¡ÇTíÅꋇ`4«¸ÝÁô ï’ýorqКÇZ«x4Žâéþuïf¹µö[P ,Q£éaX±`PÉÍZ ¸äYúgüAx
’6Lê‚xÝÓ*äQ
Ï’¨hÍ
=²,6ï#rÃ<¯–£»ƒ‹,–ê•€ aÛsñ'%Æ"®ÛüìBᝠHÚ3ß°©$“XnœÖ’î2ËTeûìxîß
¦å¿çÉ
ðK§þ{‘t‚Ϋ¬jéîZ[”š7L¥4VÚCE×]m¤Øy”ä4-dz£œ§¸x.*ã
ÊÊ b÷•h:©‡¦s`BTÁRû¾g⻩‹jø sF¢àJøFl‘È•Xᓁà~*j¯ +(ÚÕ6-£¯÷GŠØy‚<Ç’.F‹Hœw(+)ÜÜâÈzÄäT§FߘãÏ;DmVœ3Àu@mÚüXÝü•3B¨òÌÁÛ<·ÃÜz,Ì@õÅ·d2]ü8s÷IôÞ¯^Ç9¢u„~ëAŸï4«M?
K]­ÅàPl@s_ p:°¬ZR”´›JC[CS.h‹ƒïËœ«Æ]–÷ó‚wR×k7X‰k›‘´ù¦=¡«‰¨¨Â')—71ó’c‡Ðúµ
`é.{§p¹ój\Ž{1h{o±Ý=áUÊïGÖŒõ–-BÄm+AZX¶¡
ïHðæ¥JmÙ;…ä¡Ÿˆ¦ ° äšiÉg«$üMk5¤L“’çÊvïâï	,=f“"íἊ5ô¬x6{ɏžID0e¸vçmi'︧ºð9$ò¹÷*£’9ÿ ²TÔ…×>JV¥}Œ}$p[bÔ®*[jzS*8
”·T›Í–ñUîƒwo$áè=LT™ç—~ô·¤ÈÚ$榍q‰„+´kFm)ž‹©i–ËqÞŠ‰à¶ü( ‚•§ •°ò·‡#5ª•µÊ﯅¡X¨šÁ*F#TXJÊ
ušJVÍ&=iÄs1‚3•'fý§5Ñ<=[íÞ­
PÚ;ѱÌ_~Ä££8rÞ
²w;’hDT°>ÈG¬8Á²ÚzŽ®ò®qZcqJêäÞ-ö[ܘbň±çb“Š¶31²n×iƒðÕ;1¶þÉ
ªX‰,ßqÏ$>•î íZ¥Z 1{ç൵+ƒÕµ¥°T$§K]á»Ûï*·¤tMI’ÂZbŽÕiÒ˜}bÓ0£ª5›¨[5Ž^ÝœWøÂÝh°
¢OWun£¤5 a2Z.G2³YL]jåtì”
ä	ÁÓ‘%"©<ÔúÊ°sº UZvä‡ÄiÆÒM .÷V·™ø#kèýií<NçŽôª¦„lË»{ƒ®<
[¦Y‹éƒ}j•*‚±€I‡e&gbéšp9å^!®€ö?ù^àTzo@Q¨Aêœ& [”…üÔ}пF’Hq‚©´{“ëH·?.½%úå»É Á´9¿¼Ò‰Á¼Ì¥Ús¼zW¶aÃhwÖ…ÑÏ$mò´ë:×Ñγ|”x§
µ0Âз$·aÆn µ†šÇ³£‰Ì®ž
õ@kŽ«gtí䢩ÒP×5¤?µÿ m´Ì^ ‡8¸Á8‹”žÆWÑ ¡™„,Ì“»à‹ÃéV¸®á›ÐÇŽBÀ®Ã…Z”ØÛë8;é|Ñ5)7aÕ&2Ù¸÷©ö—Ð;‡¬7"¿"7M·d
ñœÒÌf5”ê ;"Ãp5¯¬3‹ùJÚÝG›½&¯<{òñKÎÖ“3:¦ÀòGPÅS¨;
à‘Ün´öpð±W)z'¬öÀÖ#Xf2& æ
Œ‹é¾"‹\!Ñ9…
0±2A›*ØMÄ $X
끫ØXÖ,X¥ ô'ËnFÍãlqJXçuaJ4¦„ëµ7ê;h"Zã¾Áä£,vÛ‹’N©E(Öu÷)…ÁaÜÇÔkˆ$‘1kmG¨øtÛ>Ì–ª)µT[)BˆõÑ
xB¾B€ÖT¨.¥~ð@VĶr#¸ü*åZNDŽH;âi 
],©£öØpù(šºãö¼T.uCê•4@ÿ GÕÛ)Cx›®0ø#:ÏðFÒbR\(€€Ä
®fã4Þ‰Fä¯HXƒÅ,†öEÑÔÜ]Öv²?tLÃvBY£ú6Êu5ÅAQ³1‘’¬x–HŒÐ‡ ^	¸KwJôÖŽ5×CÚ¨vÜ«/B0$×k°=ðbÇ(Ï)w±A†Á†	11Í=èQšµ626ŒÜ/`G«µ<}—-Ö7KEHÈÉðóȤmݱû±·ø«Snmá=“ä«šmݱŸ¡¶~ó·“äUóJæúòB|E LêŽy´jDÔ$G¢þÐñ7óR8ýÒ…Ç›	WVe#·Ÿ	p·Fx~•ݤF÷0Èÿ K¯æS<6’¡WШ
;´ÿ ¥Êø\Òuî†åÝ–VNœkÒ7oòX¨Á­Ø÷FÎÑä±g÷ÿ M~Çî=p,X´
ÝÌÚÅ‹
’ÃjÖ.ØöÏñ
qïQ¤ÓZE†° =6·]܈ s¸>v•Ž^Ý\wq9r‰Î\¸¡kURÒ$­*‹Nq?Þª*!sŠÆ:TU_u±T+øX¡
®¹¡,ÄâÃBTsÜ$Ø›4m椴zÜK]’’›Pƒ@€#â˜`é¹=I‡fiV•Ôî“nRm+µFPOhÍ0B£
€+¬5c
v•:P'ÒyÎ ‰V~‚Ó†ÖuókDoh$å\*ö%Ю=£«…aȼ½÷Û.-½VŒŠ¼'lyî±1¬3ó#ÞE¿ÔS¤gV£m›<HqÚ,sVºóÆß¼Hïô…¹…Méi‡Ò" µùEîØÏj|ÓøVOuœ"f’aÞÞëx…˜ÌO`dHHš×4K*H$‡5×
ÚÄ
Â×CUÅAŠŒsr»2°ÄÁiÚ±Çéõe•¶_SÕÆÃ3ˆ•-3´‘¸¡‡cgDîÚ¦ÃcX}'êûJè½9ñìÓ­ä±	×ÓûçÁmO”üVÞ¸÷¥ I~“ÒôhhûýÑwxlïZ¹G¡4ž=”)º£ò
®vÆŽ%UqÝ4qž©­hûÎí‡š§é1R±cÜèðà y' °ôy¦£q§Ýï¬;šÖõ„Sÿ ›  z('S†$Ï}*evÚ¾Kýº8ý
¨å	jÛ]´-‚6«¶ÖK+8ÊiS45jrœèËQDüDØ]R”˜SPÃ
xJÕl>
=§\û"—WU¤ÚǼÿ ÂnÁ
GŒÃ
‚õN	D³õNÚíŒÕ;HôyÄÈ©P¹Ä{:?R‘Ô¨âF÷ø£bÅó® JS|‚R÷ivýáâ€Æé¡è³´IئÑT!§˜•Øª‚¬â@q€wnïCWÄ@JU€ê¯m6]Ï:£âx
'+ÒðXvÓ¦Úm=–´7œ $ì“B£~p%ÕŸUþ« N@¼üï~w˜ñø5®—'Ôe»¤5ã//€ž~‰Tþ›Å7•#¤×Íö
pÄ$ùeåì*«ÓŠEØWEÈsßg¦ûvžSsLpºÊW–âµEWöˬH;™!CYõZÃÄf æ#1W.
\uWâ\,\Çfj’<qTbên›Î[vxx£ë 'ö¨1›˜ÀM¼Pÿ H)ƒêêŒA7s,|F“꺸k³9Ìö*ç®;Ö!Ö$Eiž•¹ÒÚ†ýóéÝû¾ÕS®ó$’NÝäŸz¤5r¦ãÄÃD÷Üø!°ø‡Ô&@m™Ì^Ãä­d	q5Lnÿ N;.6½·N|#ä"1Nƒx“ã<3('&ñß
t  ~ªu”1Tb㫨9ê–›–bìd$ߣ=#ÕãÒmU¯eí$EFù5ýYô櫨æ왍Ǘ±ssM]·á¿
0ÕåJRÓªîiƒ+O58ÖñªŠÒx"	\µâá¨i’¤i
—Ö
”
M+M¤ë9‚‰A¦°Qõ¾ßøK~¼Ã‘g…Ö´~÷Ï[3GUœÒ½#…kàÔ®Ò”‰³·dWV‰IP‰Ú8u¹”E
ÖqLj¾êÕCBš{A^Âß;–¨`¯¬ìö
˼	×tìø.tƐm*n¨y4o&Àx¥n¦×î‡aupáÛj8¿m›è¶ã!o½;ß0y^ý×^EÑ¿ÒjzŒ­)vÚÑnÄL
…^ªô× ‡—‚3k	Îý­hï]içå–îÏ*÷ñþ»Ô
CÒjøjÍznˆ´
¹#b'Fô‹
‰v¥'’à'T´ƒHýÍ%M‰ ƒ&ÆÇŒï1 ‘	–Þ
‰i¬s žR-Ÿ kŠ¬á¬7:þ 0ŒÅÒÕ/aÙ¬ÃÝ#Úøœ
©aiVc‰. ¹¦ãµ”
›Yg¦›ÆÎýº°f³7ƒhá·¸­}&D9¡ÂsÉÙÞèŠõØàC™¨ñbFC|´Ü(ŸƒÚÒ-%»'a	Ì¿)ËÇn¿úÿ ÞŽX…4ÊÅH^ôΑí@ù¹Eh¶“L8Çjù
¼ÎåVªóR©Ï5uÃ
V4lZß®=€xÖŸ–ÑÈ
÷”¨°¾__yM1tÉ?uÆþIkÄgæ@þ[¢†°XÃJ£j·:nkÅ¢u‘}âGzö­/IµèŠ¬¼48q¦F°ŽR¼=ûì{´¯RýicS
ÕÛ íNtÍÙï£,w4rêì®»~x(©Uñ§#Ñ&œÕ¤>ÎåÍÓ9’Ö{9eV­[Öjâ²ãu]˜å2›qÑšÕJç0€sÄ|Êëè0튔bÁ>“{×_F`Ø©ºê:µä,v¤ðfc1±"«ÔÍän1#=·
Âøv~H<Q-Ìk7Æ;•L´©ÙC°.7
¯hKL@ävÊâž$´4¸ð‚¦­R–ÂZ7ÕÃj±·¿rÓrªJ_PÕ.#g¤gÀ)©`ª<KžèÝ'ä©èÒ3rwû€Ø¦ÒƒLf¤
,¿I½{Ƕ8‘$KÝU/Oi>½ÐßA¾¿Ü€Óš]Õ; I¾÷ç‚Qi†î¹9ywÔKG˜áñ zQY—§ÃÕZ07§X‚Áh;ÁM)iÌCH-¯T‘ë|A0{Ò½LÚ–TâÖkÜ’dÀ“rmm»”جPF³ÖcbE§T€ÒxKºû’Ó®7±²(\4ŽÃ¸Uu@j™yĵ;³µ!Á¢b.W¤=mõ´êµKk
¸K^ÜÛ#p*Ü14qkZç5ïë†°5Ï%ÍÛ<Õ¤×Ô¥ê†C	Õ´¼ú$ƒÖ“”]Ù¬qÞÚ[4©ý!ûÏ—Áb쳐XµA¬â~`›Çr¸8ìùÝ䫦<>ä÷«?xs´ÇÑ	/á;¹øüÊÈÙà{"@Žïzâ¬[âß‚ U_<ÇŸ½4èN˜ú61®qŠu ¦þF£»äJ_ˆÙÎ~ ÞAã–Ý„Ï—rŠD;xTž‘ô`É«…suãO`?³à™ô
Lý#Íc5öoæØ‚y´´÷«ZR§<&JÇ+éâô´€i!Àˆ0æAoàðLèÖ-2ŸõW.’t^–(KÁmHµV@xÜÇy®Ñø­â^:Ú3w· 7½¹°ñ¸â¹®:',«Mœ—n­Á+Ãbš
LÈ‘ÄnRÓÅœ%¦²‰¨ùQ:¤f‚ "PÕtô¸…cæl…&˜Ú˜Ôkv‹ž+vŠ,=¢v­6—X
y*¥t£«<™:“aï<QÝ&Ó]i4音äzçáíHÚÕxcòãæäÝÔm퐡 `Â)C×ehÀdHP6ÅMEöZ®Í¨	é¾Tr뢘6*¶;´sÙì]ÊŽŽÛíÉwRÈ´up* Ã	‚m´:Û{·”MUë©õ̤êÔo7:ŽÕ
qÏ'E ˆk^uãT€$Ú$Æ{•ŸBP°al¾Ž©ŒÃ^}äA
,º­$Ü]ºÚ.í:‹¤ÜöXnno7X€¥BÂà ±1ã>Œºîϲ=¦6rO]XI¿Œ÷¤zÚ­›¶ 6÷”w\dü~v®ˆÌk«^m<ÿ ¢‰Õ\)ùºŽ;… lîÙÅEŠ®cѾ@vnMÏ,¼“
ñ•ŽBxðÃzãÇç%3ˆ"}Ù•Åî>
BÉú;Ò]V+P˜F_´ßé>
Øše|ï‡ÄOmFæÇ ãqÞ$/xÐx­z`ï9"œÜij‚!7.\Td…9M‡•iŽ‹¾‘50ÞŽn¥ß4ÉôO¹*í^QêËÜÇÌ8=Ž
§s‰'ÂëÙ«á%Pú[O
†ÅP¯VsŽ°.‰,kc¶ ¬A9n˜XÎ-ÞšN["¹QÕ‰ƒMýÁߺXJæÍaLj¾×Ãmã¾ãÚ uñÒþåQô¦¥
/ÄUx:‚ÍÜ’ Đ©ØÝ3V¨‰ÕnÐ6ó*óúK­«…c ¯U òhsý­jóÔj#,ímŒRµ«lbïUTŒÑ8†Ä0œÏr`ð¡¬É	Ї
ë"À²

™	6¥ f¶¢ÚoܱԷ-<Àî)†a¶ž'Ú»¨TXqØæ¶÷Y
ÄHy˜9ÈIW­YÀuMFë
ºÏ’AqÌ4·/Ú
†ô'i$øä­=Ä
Ý|öK×40è|È6p‘0§)o¥ctî§H+CA-“ xØ|ÐXŠç
l8íºð3Ø:³¤¬KX¯UÿÙ
#!/bin/sh
#
# ufw-init-functions: functions used by ufw-init and distribution initscripts
#
# Copyright 2008-2015 Canonical Ltd.
#
#    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
#    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3,
#    as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
#    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#    GNU General Public License for more details.
#
#    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
#    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
set -e

PATH="/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"

for s in "${DATA_DIR}/etc/default/ufw" "${DATA_DIR}/etc/ufw/ufw.conf" ; do
    if [ -s "$s" ]; then
        . "$s"
    else
        echo "Could not find $s (aborting)"
        exit 1
    fi
done

RULES_PATH="${DATA_DIR}/etc/ufw"
USER_PATH="${DATA_DIR}/etc/ufw"

flush_builtins() {
    error=""
    execs="iptables"
    if ip6tables -L INPUT -n >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        execs="$execs ip6tables"
    fi

    for exe in $execs
    do
        $exe -F || error="yes"
        $exe -X || error="yes"
        $exe -P INPUT ACCEPT || error="yes"
        $exe -P OUTPUT ACCEPT || error="yes"
        $exe -P FORWARD ACCEPT || error="yes"

        # now handle the mangle table
        if $exe -t mangle -L -n >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            for i in INPUT OUTPUT FORWARD PREROUTING POSTROUTING ; do
                $exe -t mangle -F $i || error="yes"
                $exe -t mangle -P $i ACCEPT || error="yes"
            done
        fi
    done

    # now handle the nat table
    if iptables -t nat -L -n >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        for i in OUTPUT PREROUTING POSTROUTING ; do
            iptables -t nat -F $i || error="yes"
            iptables -t nat -P $i ACCEPT || error="yes"
        done
    fi

    if [ "$error" = "yes" ]; then
        return 1
    fi
}

chains_command() {
    flag="$1"
    type=""
    exe="iptables"
    if [ "$2" = "6" ]; then
        type="$2"
        exe="ip6tables"
    fi

    for c in ufw$type-logging-deny ufw$type-logging-allow ufw$type-not-local ufw$type-user-logging-input ufw$type-user-limit-accept ufw$type-user-limit ufw$type-skip-to-policy-input ufw$type-reject-input ufw$type-after-logging-input ufw$type-after-input ufw$type-user-input ufw$type-before-input ufw$type-before-logging-input ufw$type-skip-to-policy-forward ufw$type-reject-forward ufw$type-after-logging-forward ufw$type-after-forward ufw$type-user-logging-forward ufw$type-user-forward ufw$type-before-forward ufw$type-before-logging-forward ufw$type-track-forward ufw$type-track-output ufw$type-track-input ufw$type-skip-to-policy-output ufw$type-reject-output ufw$type-after-logging-output ufw$type-after-output ufw$type-user-logging-output ufw$type-user-output ufw$type-before-output ufw$type-before-logging-output; do
        if [ "$UFW_INIT_DEBUG" = "yes" ]; then
            echo "$exe $flag $c" >&2
            $exe $flag $c || true
        else
            $exe $flag $c 2>/dev/null || true
        fi
    done
}

delete_chains() {
    chains_command -F $1
    chains_command -Z $1

    # Delete the secondary chains to reduce clutter, but keep the primary ones
    # so that the primary chains don't leave the built-in chains just to come
    # back later in a different place. This means that some (empty) chains will
    # linger until the next boot after disabling ufw.
    for c in ufw$type-logging-deny ufw$type-logging-allow ufw$type-not-local ufw$type-user-logging-input ufw$type-user-logging-output ufw$type-user-logging-forward ufw$type-user-limit-accept ufw$type-user-limit ufw$type-user-input ufw$type-user-forward ufw$type-user-output ufw$type-skip-to-policy-input ufw$type-skip-to-policy-output ufw$type-skip-to-policy-forward ; do
        if [ "$UFW_INIT_DEBUG" = "yes" ]; then
            echo "$exe $flag $c" >&2
            $exe -X $c || true
        else
            $exe -X $c 2>/dev/null || true
        fi
    done
}

ufw_start() {
    out=""
    if [ "$ENABLED" = "yes" ] || [ "$ENABLED" = "YES" ]; then
        if iptables -L ufw-user-input -n >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
            echo "Firewall already started, use 'force-reload'"
            return 0
        fi
        for m in $IPT_MODULES
        do
            modprobe $m || true
        done

        if [ "$MANAGE_BUILTINS" = "yes" ]; then
            flush_builtins
        fi

        if [ -x "$RULES_PATH/before.init" ]; then
            if ! "$RULES_PATH/before.init" start ; then
                error="yes"
                out="${out}\n'$RULES_PATH/before.init start' exited with error"
            fi
        fi

        execs="iptables"

        # IPv6 setup
        if [ "$IPV6" = "yes" ] || [ "$IPV6" = "YES" ]; then
            if ip6tables -L INPUT -n >/dev/null 2>&1; then
                execs="$execs ip6tables"
            else
                out="${out}\nProblem loading ipv6 (skipping)"
            fi
        else
            if ip6tables -L INPUT -n >/dev/null 2>&1; then
                # IPv6 support disabled but available in the kernel, so
                # default DROP and accept all on loopback
                delete_chains 6 || error="yes"

                printf "*filter\n"\
":INPUT DROP [0:0]\n"\
":FORWARD DROP [0:0]\n"\
":OUTPUT DROP [0:0]\n"\
"-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT\n"\
"-A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | ip6tables-restore || error="yes"

                if [ "$error" = "yes" ]; then
                    out="${out}\nProblem loading ipv6 (skipping)"
                fi
            fi
        fi

        for exe in $execs
        do
            type=""
            if [ "$exe" = "ip6tables" ]; then
                type="6"
            fi
            BEFORE_RULES="$RULES_PATH/before${type}.rules"
            AFTER_RULES="$RULES_PATH/after${type}.rules"
            USER_RULES="$USER_PATH/user${type}.rules"

            # flush the chains (if they exist)
            if $exe -L ufw${type}-before-logging-input -n >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
                delete_chains $type || error="yes"
            else
                # setup all the primary chains
                printf "*filter\n"\
"# primary chains\n"\
":ufw${type}-before-logging-input - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-before-logging-output - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-before-logging-forward - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-before-input - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-before-output - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-before-forward - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-after-input - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-after-output - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-after-forward - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-after-logging-input - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-after-logging-output - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-after-logging-forward - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-reject-input - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-reject-output - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-reject-forward - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-track-input - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-track-output - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-track-forward - [0:0]\n"\
"\n"\
"-A INPUT -j ufw${type}-before-logging-input\n"\
"-A INPUT -j ufw${type}-before-input\n"\
"-A INPUT -j ufw${type}-after-input\n"\
"-A INPUT -j ufw${type}-after-logging-input\n"\
"-A INPUT -j ufw${type}-reject-input\n"\
"-A INPUT -j ufw${type}-track-input\n"\
"\n"\
"-A OUTPUT -j ufw${type}-before-logging-output\n"\
"-A OUTPUT -j ufw${type}-before-output\n"\
"-A OUTPUT -j ufw${type}-after-output\n"\
"-A OUTPUT -j ufw${type}-after-logging-output\n"\
"-A OUTPUT -j ufw${type}-reject-output\n"\
"-A OUTPUT -j ufw${type}-track-output\n"\
"\n"\
"-A FORWARD -j ufw${type}-before-logging-forward\n"\
"-A FORWARD -j ufw${type}-before-forward\n"\
"-A FORWARD -j ufw${type}-after-forward\n"\
"-A FORWARD -j ufw${type}-after-logging-forward\n"\
"-A FORWARD -j ufw${type}-reject-forward\n"\
"-A FORWARD -j ufw${type}-track-forward\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
            fi

            # add reject policy
            if [ "$DEFAULT_INPUT_POLICY" = "REJECT" ]; then
                printf "*filter\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-reject-input -j REJECT\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
            fi
            if [ "$DEFAULT_OUTPUT_POLICY" = "REJECT" ]; then
                printf "*filter\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-reject-output -j REJECT\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
            fi
            if [ "$DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY" = "REJECT" ]; then
                printf "*filter\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-reject-forward -j REJECT\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
            fi

            # add tracking policy
            if [ "$DEFAULT_INPUT_POLICY" = "ACCEPT" ]; then
                printf "*filter\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-track-input -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-track-input -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
            fi

            if [ "$DEFAULT_OUTPUT_POLICY" = "ACCEPT" ]; then
                printf "*filter\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-track-output -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-track-output -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
            fi

            if [ "$DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY" = "ACCEPT" ]; then
                printf "*filter\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-track-forward -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-track-forward -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
            fi

            # now setup the secondary 'logging-deny' chains
            if ! $exe -L ufw${type}-logging-deny -n >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
                printf "*filter\n"\
":ufw${type}-logging-deny - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-logging-allow - [0:0]\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
            fi

            # now setup the secondary 'skip to policy' chains
            if ! $exe -L ufw${type}-skip-to-policy-input -n >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
                printf "*filter\n"\
":ufw${type}-skip-to-policy-input - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-skip-to-policy-output - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-skip-to-policy-forward - [0:0]\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-skip-to-policy-input -j %s\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-skip-to-policy-output -j %s\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-skip-to-policy-forward -j %s\n"\
"COMMIT\n" $DEFAULT_INPUT_POLICY $DEFAULT_OUTPUT_POLICY $DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
            fi

            # now ip[6]tables-restore before*.rules. This resets the following
            # chains:
            #   ufw-before-input
            #   ufw-before-output
            #   ufw-before-forward
            #
            # and sets the following:
            #   ufw-not-local
            if [ -s "$BEFORE_RULES" ]; then
                if ! $exe-restore -n < "$BEFORE_RULES" ; then
                    out="${out}\nProblem running '$BEFORE_RULES'"
                    error="yes"
                fi
            else
                out="${out}\nCouldn't find '$BEFORE_RULES'"
                error="yes"
            fi

            # now ip[6]tables-restore after*.rules. This resets the following
            # chains:
            #   ufw-after-input
            #   ufw-after-output
            #   ufw-after-forward
            if [ -s "$AFTER_RULES" ]; then
                if ! $exe-restore -n < "$AFTER_RULES" ; then
                    out="${out}\nProblem running '$AFTER_RULES'"
                    error="yes"
                fi
            else
                out="${out}\nCouldn't find '$AFTER_RULES'"
                error="yes"
            fi

            # user chains
            if [ -s "$USER_RULES" ]; then
                # setup the secondary 'user' chains
                if ! $exe -L ufw${type}-user-input -n >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
                    printf "*filter\n"\
":ufw${type}-user-input - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-user-output - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-user-forward - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-user-logging-input - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-user-logging-output - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-user-logging-forward - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-user-limit - [0:0]\n"\
":ufw${type}-user-limit-accept - [0:0]\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
                fi

                # now ip[6]tables-restore user*.rules. This resets the following
                # chains:
                #   ufw-before-logging-input
                #   ufw-before-logging-output
                #   ufw-before-logging-forward
                #   ufw-after-logging-input
                #   ufw-after-logging-output
                #   ufw-after-logging-forward
                #   ufw-logging-deny
                #   ufw-logging-allow
                #   ufw-after-input
                #   ufw-after-output
                #   ufw-after-forward
                #   ufw-user-limit
                #   ufw-user-limit-accept
                if ! $exe-restore -n < "$USER_RULES" ; then
                    out="${out}\nProblem running '$USER_RULES'"
                    error="yes"
                fi

                # now hooks these into the primary chains
                printf "*filter\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-before-input -j ufw${type}-user-input\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-before-output -j ufw${type}-user-output\n"\
"-A ufw${type}-before-forward -j ufw${type}-user-forward\n"\
"COMMIT\n" | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
            else
                out="${out}\nCouldn't find '$USER_RULES'"
                error="yes"
            fi

            # set the default policy
            # (do this after loading rules so not to break
            # network rootfs w/ INPUT DROP during ufw init.)
            input_pol="$DEFAULT_INPUT_POLICY"
            if [ "$DEFAULT_INPUT_POLICY" = "REJECT" ]; then
                input_pol="DROP"
            fi

            output_pol="$DEFAULT_OUTPUT_POLICY"
            if [ "$DEFAULT_OUTPUT_POLICY" = "REJECT" ]; then
                output_pol="DROP"
            fi

            forward_pol="$DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY"
            if [ "$DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY" = "REJECT" ]; then
                forward_pol="DROP"
            fi

            printf "*filter\n"\
"# builtin chains\n"\
":INPUT %s [0:0]\n"\
":FORWARD %s [0:0]\n"\
":OUTPUT %s [0:0]\n"\
"COMMIT\n" $input_pol $forward_pol $output_pol | $exe-restore -n || error="yes"
        done

        if [ ! -z "$IPT_SYSCTL" ] && [ -s "$IPT_SYSCTL" ]; then
            sysctl -e -q -p $IPT_SYSCTL || true
        fi

        if [ -x "$RULES_PATH/after.init" ]; then
            if ! "$RULES_PATH/after.init" start ; then
                error="yes"
                out="${out}\n'$RULES_PATH/after.init start' exited with error"
            fi
        fi

        if [ "$error" = "yes" ]; then
            /bin/echo -e "$out"
            return 1
        fi
    else
        out="Skip starting firewall: ufw (not enabled)"
    fi
    if [ ! -z "$out" ]; then
        /bin/echo -e "$out"
    fi
}

ufw_stop() {
    if [ "$1" != "--force" ] && [ "$ENABLED" != "yes" ] && [ "$ENABLED" != "YES" ]; then
        echo "Skip stopping firewall: ufw (not enabled)"
        return 0
    fi

    error=""

    if [ -x "$RULES_PATH/before.init" ]; then
        if ! "$RULES_PATH/before.init" stop ; then
            error="yes"
            out="${out}\n'$RULES_PATH/before.init stop' exited with error"
        fi
    fi

    # If we manage the builtins, just return
    if [ "$MANAGE_BUILTINS" = "yes" ]; then
        flush_builtins || error="yes"
        if [ -x "$RULES_PATH/after.init" ]; then
            "$RULES_PATH/after.init" stop || error="yes"
        fi
        if [ "$error" = "yes" ]; then
            return 1
        fi
        return 0
    fi

    execs="iptables"
    if ip6tables -L INPUT -n >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        execs="$execs ip6tables"
    fi

    for exe in $execs
    do
        type=""
        if [ "$exe" = "ip6tables" ]; then
            type="6"
        fi
        delete_chains $type || error="yes"
        $exe -P INPUT ACCEPT || error="yes"
        $exe -P OUTPUT ACCEPT || error="yes"
        $exe -P FORWARD ACCEPT || error="yes"
    done

    if [ -x "$RULES_PATH/after.init" ]; then
        if ! "$RULES_PATH/after.init" stop ; then
            error="yes"
        fi
    fi

    if [ "$error" = "yes" ]; then
        return 1
    fi
    return 0
}

ufw_reload() {
    if [ "$ENABLED" = "yes" ] || [ "$ENABLED" = "YES" ]; then
        if [ -x "$RULES_PATH/before.init" ]; then
            "$RULES_PATH/before.init" stop || return 1
        fi
        ufw_stop || return "$?"
        if [ -x "$RULES_PATH/after.init" ]; then
            "$RULES_PATH/after.init" stop || return 1
        fi

        if [ -x "$RULES_PATH/before.init" ]; then
            "$RULES_PATH/before.init" start || return 1
        fi
        ufw_start || return "$?"
        if [ -x "$RULES_PATH/after.init" ]; then
            "$RULES_PATH/after.init" start || return 1
        fi
    else
        echo "Skipping $1 (not enabled)"
    fi
    return 0
}

ufw_status() {
    err=""
    iptables -L ufw-user-input -n >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
        echo "Firewall is not running"
        return 3
    }

    if [ "$IPV6" = "yes" ] || [ "$IPV6" = "YES" ]; then
        ip6tables -L ufw6-user-input -n >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
            # unknown state: ipv4 ok, but ipv6 isn't
            echo "Firewall in inconsistent state (IPv6 enabled but not running)"
            return 4
        }
    fi

    echo "Firewall is running"
    return 0
}