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The first pass generates enough deflate blocks to produce output to fill the requested output size plus a specfied excess amount (see the EXCESS define below). The last deflate block may go quite a bit past that, but is discarded. The second pass decompresses and recompresses just the compressed data that fit in the requested plus excess sized buffer. The deflate process is terminated after that amount of input, which is less than the amount consumed on the first pass. The last deflate block of the result will be of a comparable size to the final product, so that the header for that deflate block and the compression ratio for that block will be about the same as in the final product. The third compression pass decompresses the result of the second step, but only the compressed data up to the requested size minus an amount to allow the compressed stream to complete (see the MARGIN define below). That will result in a final compressed stream whose length is less than or equal to the requested size. Assuming sufficient input and a requested size greater than a few hundred bytes, the shortfall will typically be less than ten bytes. If the input is short enough that the first compression completes before filling the requested output size, then that compressed stream is return with no recompression. EXCESS is chosen to be just greater than the shortfall seen in a two pass approach similar to the above. That shortfall is due to the last deflate block compressing more efficiently with a smaller header on the second pass. EXCESS is set to be large enough so that there is enough uncompressed data for the second pass to fill out the requested size, and small enough so that the final deflate block of the second pass will be close in size to the final deflate block of the third and final pass. MARGIN is chosen to be just large enough to assure that the final compression has enough room to complete in all cases. */ #include #include #include #include "zlib.h" #define local static /* print nastygram and leave */ local void quit(char *why) { fprintf(stderr, "fitblk abort: %s\n", why); exit(1); } #define RAWLEN 4096 /* intermediate uncompressed buffer size */ /* compress from file to def until provided buffer is full or end of input reached; return last deflate() return value, or Z_ERRNO if there was read error on the file */ local int partcompress(FILE *in, z_streamp def) { int ret, flush; unsigned char raw[RAWLEN]; flush = Z_NO_FLUSH; do { def->avail_in = fread(raw, 1, RAWLEN, in); if (ferror(in)) return Z_ERRNO; def->next_in = raw; if (feof(in)) flush = Z_FINISH; ret = deflate(def, flush); assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR); } while (def->avail_out != 0 && flush == Z_NO_FLUSH); return ret; } /* recompress from inf's input to def's output; the input for inf and the output for def are set in those structures before calling; return last deflate() return value, or Z_MEM_ERROR if inflate() was not able to allocate enough memory when it needed to */ local int recompress(z_streamp inf, z_streamp def) { int ret, flush; unsigned char raw[RAWLEN]; flush = Z_NO_FLUSH; do { /* decompress */ inf->avail_out = RAWLEN; inf->next_out = raw; ret = inflate(inf, Z_NO_FLUSH); assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR && ret != Z_DATA_ERROR && ret != Z_NEED_DICT); if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR) return ret; /* compress what was decompresed until done or no room */ def->avail_in = RAWLEN - inf->avail_out; def->next_in = raw; if (inf->avail_out != 0) flush = Z_FINISH; ret = deflate(def, flush); assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR); } while (ret != Z_STREAM_END && def->avail_out != 0); return ret; } #define EXCESS 256 /* empirically determined stream overage */ #define MARGIN 8 /* amount to back off for completion */ /* compress from stdin to fixed-size block on stdout */ int main(int argc, char **argv) { int ret; /* return code */ unsigned size; /* requested fixed output block size */ unsigned have; /* bytes written by deflate() call */ unsigned char *blk; /* intermediate and final stream */ unsigned char *tmp; /* close to desired size stream */ z_stream def, inf; /* zlib deflate and inflate states */ /* get requested output size */ if (argc != 2) quit("need one argument: size of output block"); ret = strtol(argv[1], argv + 1, 10); if (argv[1][0] != 0) quit("argument must be a number"); if (ret < 8) /* 8 is minimum zlib stream size */ quit("need positive size of 8 or greater"); size = (unsigned)ret; /* allocate memory for buffers and compression engine */ blk = malloc(size + EXCESS); def.zalloc = Z_NULL; def.zfree = Z_NULL; def.opaque = Z_NULL; ret = deflateInit(&def, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION); if (ret != Z_OK || blk == NULL) quit("out of memory"); /* compress from stdin until output full, or no more input */ def.avail_out = size + EXCESS; def.next_out = blk; ret = partcompress(stdin, &def); if (ret == Z_ERRNO) quit("error reading input"); /* if it all fit, then size was undersubscribed -- done! */ if (ret == Z_STREAM_END && def.avail_out >= EXCESS) { /* write block to stdout */ have = size + EXCESS - def.avail_out; if (fwrite(blk, 1, have, stdout) != have || ferror(stdout)) quit("error writing output"); /* clean up and print results to stderr */ ret = deflateEnd(&def); assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR); free(blk); fprintf(stderr, "%u bytes unused out of %u requested (all input)\n", size - have, size); return 0; } /* it didn't all fit -- set up for recompression */ inf.zalloc = Z_NULL; inf.zfree = Z_NULL; inf.opaque = Z_NULL; inf.avail_in = 0; inf.next_in = Z_NULL; ret = inflateInit(&inf); tmp = malloc(size + EXCESS); if (ret != Z_OK || tmp == NULL) quit("out of memory"); ret = deflateReset(&def); assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR); /* do first recompression close to the right amount */ inf.avail_in = size + EXCESS; inf.next_in = blk; def.avail_out = size + EXCESS; def.next_out = tmp; ret = recompress(&inf, &def); if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR) quit("out of memory"); /* set up for next reocmpression */ ret = inflateReset(&inf); assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR); ret = deflateReset(&def); assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR); /* do second and final recompression (third compression) */ inf.avail_in = size - MARGIN; /* assure stream will complete */ inf.next_in = tmp; def.avail_out = size; def.next_out = blk; ret = recompress(&inf, &def); if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR) quit("out of memory"); assert(ret == Z_STREAM_END); /* otherwise MARGIN too small */ /* done -- write block to stdout */ have = size - def.avail_out; if (fwrite(blk, 1, have, stdout) != have || ferror(stdout)) quit("error writing output"); /* clean up and print results to stderr */ free(tmp); ret = inflateEnd(&inf); assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR); ret = deflateEnd(&def); assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR); free(blk); fprintf(stderr, "%u bytes unused out of %u requested (%lu input)\n", size - have, size, def.total_in); return 0; }